Tensions between Cambodia and Thailand have escalated into deadly border clashes, marking the worst hostilities in over a decade. On July 24, 2025, fighting erupted along their contested 508-mile border, killing at least 12 people, including 11 Thai civilians and one soldier, with both nations accusing each other of initiating the violence. The conflict, rooted in a century-old dispute over undemarcated border areas, was reignited by a May 28 skirmish that killed a Cambodian soldier and has since been fueled by nationalist fervor and diplomatic breakdowns. Thailand’s deployment of F-16 jets and Cambodia’s rocket fire have intensified the crisis, prompting border closures and evacuations.
Historical Border Dispute
The Cambodia-Thailand border conflict traces back to a 1907 map drawn during French colonial rule, which Cambodia uses to claim territories, but Thailand disputes due to its vagueness. Key flashpoints include the Preah Vihear temple, awarded to Cambodia by the International Court of Justice in 1962, and the Ta Muen Thom temple, both sparking nationalist sentiments. Past clashes, notably from 2008 to 2011, killed dozens and displaced thousands, with the current violence echoing these unresolved territorial claims. Cambodia’s push for ICJ intervention contrasts with Thailand’s insistence on bilateral talks, deepening the stalemate.
Looking to Grow Your Business?
I’m looking for 2 businesses doing under $3M in annual revenue who are ready to scale their brand, automate their marketing and boost conversions.
If you’re ready to grow,
Recent Escalation
The May 28, 2025, clash in the Emerald Triangle, where a Cambodian soldier died, triggered a spiral of retaliatory actions, including Cambodia banning Thai imports and Thailand closing land borders. A leaked June 15 phone call between Thai Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra and Cambodia’s Hun Sen, where she criticized her own military, led to her suspension and fueled Thai nationalist outrage. On July 23, a Thai soldier’s injury from a landmine—alleged by Thailand to be newly laid by Cambodia—prompted diplomatic expulsions and further military buildup. The July 24 clashes, involving Thai airstrikes and Cambodian rocket attacks, have raised fears of broader conflict.
Regional Impact
Thailand’s fragile coalition government faces instability, with Paetongtarn’s suspension and a key coalition partner’s withdrawal. Cambodia’s Hun Manet, backed by his father Hun Sen, has called for UN intervention, while Thailand’s acting premier insists on de-escalation before negotiations. Both nations have bolstered border troops, risking regional economic ties within ASEAN, as Thailand considers cutting exports to counter Cambodia’s alleged scam operations.
